Nails vs. Screws: Strength, Cost & When to Use Each
The oldest debate in fastening, settled with data: nails win shear strength and speed, screws win pullout strength and removability. A 16d common nail holds about 138 lb in single shear; a #8 screw pulls out at 117 lb per inch — nearly triple the nail. Here is when each wins.
| Feature | Nails | Screws |
|---|---|---|
| Shear strength | Higher — 16d common ≈138 lb single-shear in DF 2x | Lower — #8 screw ≈90 lb; brittle screws snap where nails bend |
| Pullout strength | Lower — roughly 40–56 lb per inch of penetration | 2–3× higher — #8 screw ≈117 lb/in; threads grip the wood |
| Speed | Nail guns frame walls in minutes | Driven one by one; collated screw guns narrow the gap |
| Framing & code | The framing default — nailing schedules are written for nails | Only code-listed structural screws may substitute for nails |
| Removal & repair | Hard to pull; usually wrecks the workpiece | Backs out clean — the repair and disassembly winner |
| Cost | Cheaper per thousand in bulk boxes | Pricier, especially structural and stainless |
| Best for | Framing, sheathing, subfloor, fencing | Decking, cabinets, trim, repairs, anything that must come apart |
Verdict
Shop This Comparison
- Grip-Rite 16d sinker nails, bulk box — the nail side of this comparison
- GRK structural screw assortment — the screw side of this comparison
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Also in the toolbox
- 21-degree framing nailer — the reason nails win on speed
- 20V impact driver kit — drives structural screws all day
FAQ
Are screws stronger than nails?
In pullout, yes — by 2–3× for similar diameters, because threads grip the wood. In shear, no — nails bend under lateral load where ordinary screws snap. Neither is universally stronger; the load direction decides.
Why do framers use nails instead of screws?
Three reasons: building codes and nailing schedules are written around nails, nails handle shear loads better, and nail guns are far faster. Screws make sense in framing only where pullout governs, like roof sheathing in wind zones.
Can I use screws for framing?
Only code-listed structural screws explicitly rated as nail substitutes — and even then, follow the manufacturer schedule. Drywall screws and deck screws must never carry structural framing loads.